What Science Pipeline? Making Sense of STEM Offerings! Part One

Family Outreach Days at AAAS Family Days  - Teragrid Booth

Students explore visualizations of the oil spill.

We all know that many students are not anywhere near talented teachers who can give them the information they need to be curious, understanding, interested and involved in the STEM initiatives. For many there is no pipeline, no indepth knowledge of any of the subjects that will create workforce, or future readiness for careers.

As a career STEM teacher, I was teaching science, math, problem solving, engineering and the use of technology early, i caught a lot of flack.  There were helpful groups of people and organizations that  reached out to me, to others and who helped us to become the teachers that need to be STEM educated. There were these teachers an d we were ridiculed during the Bush administration for teaching science. It was the bottom of the needs totem pole for M. Spellings. So we were not groomed, by our school systems or regarded in a good light. Political winds blew us away.

There was

NASA has many resources that a teacher can personalize and share with no cost.

Astronomy , space science education, the Chalenger Center Programs, so many offerings

,  NASA’s Education Materials Finder will help teachers locate resources that can be used in the classroom. Users may search by keywords, grade level, product type and subject. With hundreds of publications and Web sites indexed, the finder is the best way to locate NASA educational resources.

›  Find Materials Now

We meet the world on the news , but do students know where in the world the news is coming from?

The National Geographic Society and its Outreach to Teachers

Community, Education, and Student Outreach, http://www.informationweek.com/news/231003049

education.nationalgeographic.com  

Most remarkable in the way of transformational and experiential teaching was the experience offered by the National Geographic. It was not just an experience for me. There are Alliance groups within the Geographic. There are opportunities. I had a month of involvement in all things geographic. What they have to offer changes as the programs expand. There is a section on education, there are special programs, , there are lesson plans and there are mentorships to be had in the AAGE.

National Geography Standards

The first ever national geography standardsGeography for Life, were published in 1994 and are being voluntarily adopted around the country. These geography standards are benchmarks against which the content of geography courses can be measured. Standards will affect the education of all children in the United States, and they should be part of the program of instruction of schools in your community. Copies of Geography for Life are available for purchase from the NCGE store.

The Geography Standards Framework consists of two levels. At the first level, the subject matter of geography is divided into six essential elements. By essential we mean that each piece is central and necessary; we must look at the world in this way. By element we mean that each piece is a building block for the whole. At the second level, each essential element contains a number of geography standards, and each geography standard contains a set of related ideas and approaches to the subject matter of geography.

National Geography Standards

The first ever national geography standards, Geography for Life, were published in 1994 and are being voluntarily adopted around the country. These geography standards are benchmarks against which the content of geography courses can be measured. Standards will affect the education of all children in the United States, and they should be part of the program of instruction of schools in your community. Copies of Geography for Life are available for purchase from the NCGE store.

The Geography Standards Framework consists of two levels. At the first level, the subject matter of geography is divided into six essential elements. By essential we mean that each piece is central and necessary; we must look at the world in this way. By element we mean that each piece is a building block for the whole. At the second level, each essential element contains a number of geography standards, and each geography standard contains a set of related ideas and approaches to the subject matter of geography.

 Earthwatch Education

Earthwatch fellowships enable critical partners to participate in research expeditions worldwide. Each year, Earthwatch’s Fellowship Programs enable hundreds of studentsteachersconservation professionals, and corporate employees to join expeditions at little or no out-of-pocket expense. Earthwatch Fellows are emissaries of the Earthwatch mission, sharing their experiences and new knowledge with thousands of students, teachers, and colleagues upon their return.

Educator Fellowships

Summer Fellowships
Get out of the classroom and head into the field to learn about cutting edge research and conservation efforts, to develop professional skills, and to make a difference for our shared environment! As a summer educator fellow, you’ll spend 1-2 weeks of your summer recess on an Earthwatch expedition alongside a diverse team of volunteers led by prominent field researchers. After your expedition, you’ll bring the world back into your classroom and to your students as you’ve never done before.

Learn more about our Summer Fellowship program.

Live From the Field
Live From the Field educator fellows join Earthwatch research teams during a brief portion (7 to 10 days) of their school year and share their experiences with classrooms at home using blogs containing, photos, videos, lessons, and activities. Live From the Field educator fellows also connect with students through live video and phone conferencing at scheduled times during their expedition.

I joyously participated with other teachers in Earthwatch Outreach.  It was fun to be an Earthwatch fellow. Working with a scientist in the field using technology to share the archeological findings was hard work, but rewarding. I learned the culture of the island, the history of Mallorca, I learned about archeological excavation , and how we could use technology to map the site and the finds. Many teachers have been Earthwatch Fellows. The experience can be a life -changing event. Who knew about the other history I learned so much about . The cultures of the Med were unknown to me. Dr. William Waldron was the PI at the time. I participated in a further grant, we mapped the Mongoose popution of St. Martins .. and then volunteered to do Turtle nests , at night , another project. Nothing in a textbook can match the experience. Nothing!

K-12 classroom educators of any subject(s) from public or private schools nationwide are eligible to apply for Earthwatch fellowships. The strongest applicants are those who are passionate about teaching, excited about making a difference with their time and talents, and committed to engaging their communities using their knowledge, passion, and energy.

A starting point is the Education Department of the National Geographic. I don’t remember why I knew about them, or what I saw that made me apply to a summer institute.

, NSTA and their workshops, NCTM and their initiatives , Shodor.org and their free resources, the Fish and Wildlife Service, 4H and the SET program, the Exploratorium, and wait there are more, but I won’t name them all.

There is a digital divide, and there are resources everywhere, if teachers can access them, but given the state of broadband, in many areas that are rural and distant , the people who are concerned about STEM , are creating a false illusion that teachers create the problem.

There is also the knowledge that we in the classrooms have a mandated methodology which we can tweak but the management, ie the school boards and policy people make most of the decisions. So, what ‘s a teacher to do? Stay tuned. The age of Sputnik is over!!

The age of Transformation , has begun in Education.

http://chronicle.com/article/A-Size-That-Fits-All-for-the/128421/

Exploring the Teragrid

Outreach to the public sharing research = Oil Spill simulation

Michael Morgenstern for The Chronicle

By Hal Salzman and B. Lindsay Lowell
The strength and size of the nation’s science-and-engineering work force are the subject of much concern, following the Obama administration’s education initiatives; international testing that shows students in Shanghai at the top of the world; and, last year, an update of the influential report “Rising Above the Gathering Storm.” That report finds the deterioration of America’s competitiveness so severe that it is likened to a Category 5 hurricane. It calls for the United States to create a “New Sputnik” education initiative and expand our science-and-engineering work force. It reinforces a common worry over American students’ lackluster international standing compared with those in several Asian nations and in a handful of small European nations.

We believe that those concerns are overstating and misidentifying America’s challenges in science and engineering, and that they are missing the real opportunities for improving the nation’s education and work force. As we examined the evidence, several points became clear: The United States needs to improve education broadly rather than expand particular fields of study; look inward rather than abroad for exemplary educational models, in light of the limits of international comparisons; and focus on the core lessons about improving the lowest-performing group of students. There is actually no compelling evidence that, over all, the educational pipeline is failing to meet demand.
Our recent analysis of Department of Education data for three decades followed students from high school to the job market. We found little in the way of overall change in students’ pursuit of science-and-engineering studies or their entry into those careers over the past 30 years. We found that while a steady proportion of college students graduated in science and engineering, no more than half of them landed jobs in a formally defined core science or engineering occupation.
So, given a steady supply, why do companies report difficulty in finding ideal workers? Listen carefully and it sounds as if the employers would like entry-level workers to have skills not typical of newly graduated students. Leading engineering companies seek technologists with a depth of skill in a technical area combined with a broad education across technical fields, business, and the social sciences. Colleges find it difficult to develop all of that in only four years. So the hiring difficulty may reflect problems with pedagogy, the structure of higher education, the unwillingness of some employers to train new workers, and a lack of collaboration between academe and industry. It does not, however, indicate a loss of student interest or a shrinking pool of science-and-engineering graduates.
Nevertheless, some policy makers and industry leaders believe that to meet the demands of our knowledge economy, more such education is needed. They even think it is preferable to other fields of study. While acknowledging the value of science-and-engineering knowledge, we find that it is but one of many forms of valuable knowledge. Moreover, the science-and-engineering managers we interviewed expressed dissatisfaction with the “soft” communication, or teamwork, skills of their new engineers. And changes in hiring patterns suggest that the nation’s economic future depends on developing a balanced portfolio of well-educated workers across the spectrum of skills, knowledge, and disciplines.

Finally, some industry lobbying groups and high-tech companies seek to augment the supply of domestic workers by importing foreign labor on temporary visas. But this confuses the purpose of those programs with the country’s immigration policy for citizens-in-waiting. Immigration policy is driven by a long-term vision and a wide range of social and political objectives. The original intent of temporary-visa programs, on the other hand, was to meet short-term, not structural, labor shortages. Ensuring that labor markets are not distorted by short-term visas, which in their current form lead to a number of labor-market and social problems, is not anti-immigrant, and does not undermine the strength of U.S. science and engineering. In fact, raising the numbers of temporary visas for foreign workers during cyclical talent shortages can distort labor markets and discourage domestic students from careers in engineering and the sciences.

While we do not maintain that our study, or any one study, is definitive, we do believe that influential groups should consider new evidence in their quest to advance science, technology, and economic growth. When we look at the past three decades, the data support a far more favorable set of conclusions on student performance and supply than those promulgated by critics of the so-called STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) pipeline. At the same time, our research supports the widely recognized fact that women and minorities are the most likely future source of STEM workers, and, discouragingly, that where the education system is most clearly failing is precisely for those populations. Of course, focusing on the big picture leaves out clear-cut examples of unfilled shortages of workers in esoteric but crucial occupations.
The classic tried and true formulation is that supply follows demand or, less sanguinely, that depressed wages and discouraged workers result if supply outstrips demand. To avoid those problems, a number of demand-side policies should receive support from all quarters. These policies include stable and increasing government financing for research, reinvigoration of lagging private-sector investments in research, tax breaks and other incentives for research-and-development activities, and the creation of an environment that encourages entrepreneurship. In terms of education, however, the evidence clearly points to improving basic education for low-performing students, schools, and populations—not an attempt to artificially inflate the number of science-and-engineering degrees awarded.
Hal Salzman is a professor of public policy at Rutgers University at New Brunswick. B. Lindsay Lowell is director of policy studies at the Institute for the Study of International Migration at Georgetown University.

THE JACK  kENT COOKE FOUNDATION

No Gifted Child Left Behind?  First, the good news: It turns out, millions of kids from low-income families are acing standardized tests. Now, the bad news…http://www.jkcf.org/news-knowledge

With the tests we find that there are many who have the capacity to learn, to create to innovate, but, sadly nothing happens.  Download the report, here is the summary.

Today in America, there are millions of students who are
overcoming challenging socioeconomic circumstances
to excel academically. They defy the stereotype that poverty
precludes high academic performance and that lowerincome
and low academic achievement are inextricably
linked. They demonstrate that economically disadvantaged
children can learn at the highest levels and provide hope
to other lower-income students seeking to follow the
same path.
Sadly, from the time they enter grade school through
their postsecondary education, these students lose more
educational ground and excel less frequently than their
higher-income peers. Despite this tremendous loss
in achievement, these remarkable young people are
hidden from public view and absent from public policy
debates. Instead of being recognized for their excellence
and encouraged to strengthen their achievement, highachieving
lower-income students enter what we call the
“achievement trap” —
educators, policymakers, and the
public assume they can fend for themselves when the facts
show otherwise.
Very little is known about high-achieving students
from lower-income families — defined in this report as
students who score in the top 25 percent on nationally
normed standardized tests and whose family incomes
(adjusted for family size) are below the national median.
We set out to change that fact and to focus public attention
on this extraordinary group of students who can help
reset our sights from standards of proficiency to standards
of excellence.
This report chronicles the experiences of highachieving
lower-income students during elementary
school, high school, college, and graduate school. In
some respects, our findings are quite hopeful. There
are millions of high-achieving lower-income students
in urban, suburban, and rural communities all across
America; they reflect the racial, ethnic, and gender composition
of our nation’s schools; they drop out of high
school at remarkably low rates; and more than 90 percent
of them enter college.
But there is also cause for alarm. There are far fewer
lower-income students achieving at the highest levels than
there should be, they disproportionately fall out of the
high-achieving group during elementary and high school,
they rarely rise into the ranks of high achievers during
those periods, and, perhaps most disturbingly, far too few
ever graduate from college or go on to graduate school.
Unless something is done, many more of America’s brightest
lower-income students will meet this same educational
fate, robbing them of opportunity and our nation of a
valuable resource.
This report discusses new and original research on
this extraordinary population of students. Our findings
come from three federal databases that during the past 20
years have tracked students in elementary and high school,
college, and graduate school. The following principal
findings about high-achieving lower-income students are
important for policymakers, educators, business leaders,
the media, and civic leaders to understand and explore as
schools, communities, states, and the nation consider ways
to ensure that all children succeed:

Studying the Chesapeake Bay, Using Digital Resources and the Arts!!

Exploring the Chesapeake Bay
Children who may not know the way of estuaries to the sea can learn using valuable online resources.
I use a different way of teaching. Marc Prensky is right. There are people who know a lot more than I do about the Chesapeake Bay.I became the facilitator for learning, connecting the dots and some of them were using the arts , digital media and hands on science by mistake really. I had training from the National Geographic which included maps, history, art and a great video.
I wanted to think how to fund all of this and how to create a rich environment . I wrote some grants, the parents and I had a meeting and we enlisted some help from the Fish and Wildlife Service.
The Chesapeake Bay is the most important water way in this area. I took courses at the National Aquarium in Baltimore , and learned to write curriculum  . For three years I investigated

estuaries, and then the Bay as a system and then the ocean. I think I would have become a Marine Biologist if I had not been swayed by technology and the Clinton administration. But I had the curriculum , but as usual not the permission to use it at my grade level and so I reached out to NASA, NOAA, National Geographic, the Chesapeake Bay Society and parents and I found a way to get a grant. When money is given in schools and principals sign their permission , you can do wonderful things.
The final trip was ito Baltimore
We started by sharing resources from the Fish and Wildlife Service
We did Duck Stamps. We drew Duck Stamps  and learned about the various ducks who come to the Chesapeake Bay.
Here is a set of photos and resources from the Fish and Wildlife Service
http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/  The people who came from the Fish and Wildlife Service brought posters and resources too.
The Fish and Wildlife people gave us a bus to the Blackwater facility. We saw ducks in the wild and had an outdoor excursion.
National Aquarium in Baltimore
The National Aquarium in Baltimore is a beautiful place. It is expensive for students and we decided to do a bus tour.
Thank heavens for grants.
The education program is fantastics, we did adaptations and studied the salinity, turbidity waves and tides, microscopic life , seined and did pollution studies from different sites on the Chesapeake.But we did our homework. We read stories about the CHesapeake Bay, and wrote some of our own. We studied the maps of the bay and the estuary.
Smithsonian Estuary Research Center
You can see that we did a lot of work at this research center, before we had our “Eat a Crab Lab” and other activities
3.   About Crabs – Lesson 1
…ere the River Meets the Sea: Exploring Life in the Chesapeake Bay with Smithsonian Scientists SERC Project Home Page Project Team Members Activities & Lesson Plans Project Resources Photo Gallery S E R C Schenectady City School District +————-+—————-+———– Lesson About Index Crabs Lesson Worksheet 108 1 Education Drive Schenectady, NY 12303 Blue Setting Crab Up A SERC: 518.370.8100 Observation Salt Tales of the Water Blue Crab Aquarium About Crabs Lesson No. 1 OBJECTIVES: 1. Students will use the Internet to learn about the Blue Crab. 2. Students will be able to identify the…
User Rating:
    Grade Level: K-5
4.   About Crabs
Where the River Meets the Sea: Exploring Life in the Chesapeake Bay with Smithsonian Scientists SERC Project Home Page Project Team Members Activities & Lesson Plans Project Resources Photo Gallery S E R C Schenectady City School District Lesson About 108 Index Crabs Lesson Worksheet Education II 1 Drive Schenectady, NY 12303 Blue Setting 518.370.8100 Crab Up A SERC: Observation Salt Tales of the Water Blue Crab Aquarium About Crabs Lesson No. 2 OBJECTIVES: 1. Students will observe a live Blue Crab. 2. Students will be able to distinguish between a male and fema…
User Rating:
    Grade Level: 9-12
That service has a portable traveling lesson. I can’t think it is as exciting as being at the place.
If you look at the pictures you can see how fantastic it is. The children go out on a pier where there are stations . They have science experiments to perform.  We learned the data we needed to do the experiments back in the classroom.
One of my students surprised me. Since we were so early in the year in the crab season. I said if they caught a crab I would
buy a bushel to steam back at the school. Well this child had a plan. Her mother was a biologist. She captured an immature
stage of the crab and precisely identified it.  So we did have an eat a crab lab extra session.
The National Geographic had maps of the Chesapeake Bay and we took a canoe trip on one of the rivers we studied.
Blackbirds in the reeds, a smooth adventure.
National Geographic is partnering with groups – across a range of scientific disciplines – that are interested in exploring how FieldScope can better support student geographic learning and outdoor investigations.

FieldScope Projects  http://www.fieldscope.org/

This is awesome.

National Geographic FieldScope is a web-based mapping, analysis, and collaboration tool designed to support geographic investigations and engage students as citizen scientists investigating real-world issues – both in the classroom and in outdoor education settings. FieldScope enhances student scientific investigations by providing rich geographic context – through maps, mapping activities, and a rich community where student fieldwork and data is integrated with that of peers and professionals, adding analysis opportunities and meaning to student investigations.

Chesapeake Bay

The Chesapeake Bay FieldScope Project is a “citizen science” initiative in which students investigate water quality issues on local and regional scales and collaborate with students across the Bay to analyze data and take action. Chesapeake Bay FieldScope is a project of National Geographic’s Education Programs in collaboration with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office.
Serc does on line teaching for everyone. But I did it from the Pier and Reed Center.
Marc Haddon was my contact for a long time there.

See the  SERC Lab
This was a teacher workshop
Art was mosaics, writing a play about the bay, drawing the animals of the bay, creating a workbook for people who loved the bay, and writing a grant, the kids did this, to be able to take field trips to photograph the bay.
I never knew that there was a  boating minority connection to the study of the Chesapeake Bay regarding Frederick Douglass.
He created with others , a boat building facility for blacks to be able to be involved in the shipbuilding enterprise.
Who knew?
We collected books and read them about the bay and its children.
In the end we loved best the study of Anoxia Mae.
We wrote a grant with the help of parents and had $5000.oo to spend on field trips, excursions, making movies and posters.
This was at Ashlawn School  in Arlington, Virginia.
We did a lot more than this. One of the things you learn from being a teacher trained by the National Geographic is that children with an interest in geography learn and share with the community. So my children went to the school board to complain about the filth in local streams, and got some help on organizing a clean up day with the Arlington County  Board.
I did not plan that idea. The kids did. You can see why theme based, supported project based learning is wonderful for students.
I am thankful for the training I had at the National Geographic Society as an educator.
If I was teaching now, in a classroom, I could add the GIS information to this program.
ESRI and the National Geographic help make for a rich learning experience for kids.
More resources for everyone are at My Wonderful World .org.

CyberBullying

  • Keep kids safe from cyberbullies pdated Thur February 17, 2011
  • Cyberbullying is a growing national concern, with roughly 75 percent of teenagers using cell phones, the most common instrument of harassment. The U.S. education secretary has been talking about it, and the Department of Justice held a cyberbullying summit.
  • Here is a web site with basic knowledge and information to get started.  Stop Cyberbullying.org

    There is also an interview with Parry Aftab on this electronic journal.

    Cyberbullying: An Interview with Parry Aftab

    Posted on February 17, 2011 by admin

    Bonnie BraceyBy Bonnie Bracey Sutton
    Editor, Policy Issues

    Introduction: Parry Aftab, J.D., is the executive director of WiredSafety, a site where victims can receive one-on-one assistance when they have been bullied online. She is the author of a number of books on Internet safety, including A Parent’s Guide to the Internet (1997) and The Parent’s Guide to Protecting Your Children in Cyberspace (2000).

    ETCJ: What is cyberbullying? How is it different from traditional bullying?

    Parry Aftab: Cyberbullying is “any cyber-communication or publication posted or sent by a minor online, by instant message, e-mail, website, diary site, online profile, interactive game, handheld device, cellphone, game device, digital camera or video, webcam or use of any interactive digital device that is intended to frighten, embarrass, harass, hurt, set up, cause harm to, extort, or otherwise target another minor” (WiredSafety). Snip!!

    There is also an interview with Nancy Willard on this site.

    Bonnie Bracey Sutton

    Power of US

    I Kids..IPhone, I Read with Joy..I Read

    Recently a small relative, who is under 2 yeas old made me think a lot about the new ways of learning that we should be considering and monitoring, and learning from. The participatory culture has a new addition. None readers can do interactive learning. He had books, and I think I saw Nemo over and over again until I was tired of it. But the IPad changed his habits. I also had some other tricks up my sleeve, but I never had to use them. He still gets a good reading activity from his mother, a bedtime story that is in traditional form.

    Using the IPad

    New ways of exploring learning, vaulting the digital divide

    The article, the rise of the IKids caught my attention.

    http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_16860666?nclick_check=1

    I am from the Grandma and Me generation. That is there were some CD Roms, that I used to teach students , at a higher level than non reader, and I was fascinated then by the attention, time and interest of students.  A principal challenged me to make use of the programs and I did. Unfortunately, the programs worked so well, that I had to find a new way to schedule students into the lab. We were a small school with a tiny lab, with a window to the world.  Linda Roberts did not approve of the programs, but I used them to enrich and change the interest level of readers. Ok, I also was able to do individualized conferencing since all of the kids were busy, and to introduce children to many books in that format with ease, no matter which language they spoke at home. The school I worked in was a school in which there were many immigrant children. English was.. sort of spoken by most , but not necessarily by the book.

    I started the use of the CD Roms ( which I found in a closet) with special education students. I liked the individual ways in which students could progress through the materials and it also gave me time to do small group work.

    I knew the materials were a hit when some of the children literally ran with their walkers to the lab with a smile on their faces trying to escape going to recess. There were about ten programs in this category and those that I did not have, we purchased.

    A lot of people would say.. how is that reading??  Well the program could read to you, you could click on the images on the program, and you could go through the program in Spanish, in English and Japanese.  There were variable resources as well. Many people thought that these little books were not academic enough. I saw them as an invitation to read, to explore, to think, to be imaginative to get lost in the reading experience. Living Books they were called. I individually purchased every one I could get. They were that inspirationally different from the thick , boring textbook with the workbooks and word tablets that were never ending. I am not sure but this is what Wikipedia says about where the Living Books are and how they can be found except on UTube.  I am just learning to be a facilitator for a pre-reading child. I should explain that I escaped teaching for a while, the tedium of the reading circles got to me.  But I did return.

    “The Living Books series was a series of interactive animated multimedia children’s books produced by Brøderbund and distributed on CD-ROM for Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. The series began with the release of Just Grandma and Me (an adaptation of the book by Mercer Mayer) in 1992; other titles in the series included The Tortoise and the Hare,Arthur’s Teacher Trouble (and other adaptations of books by Marc Brown), Dr. Seuss andBerenstain Bears titles. [1]

    Living Books became quite popular in the mid-1990s and were even used in some classrooms to teach English. Some home-computer users reported purchasing CD-ROM drives and sound cards specifically to run Living Books.

    Many of them had selections for other languages, namely Spanish and Japanese.

    The series did have an official website, http://www.livingbooks.com[1], but after the series was canceled by Broderbund, the site was up for grabs and bought by Scholastic. It was then converted into a jungle book series website that sold books published by Scholastic.

    So , now on IPad and IPhone there are newer interactive programs. How do we use them in schools? Do we?

    Little Critter certainly helped me to charm a group of students who were not all that interested in reading to read. We progressed to the Jack Prelutsy poetry, to the other offerings of this genre. The special education teacher and I were on a roll for a long time until the teachers saw the excitement in the lab through our goldfish window. Then, even the teacher who gave me the programs stating that the were useless, demanded lab time.

    We had a solution. earphones from the Dollar Store, and a selection of the programs for the special education class so that they could continue their explorations during class.

    Reading is a very special joy, interactive reading , is a new way of sharing. Soon there was the Cat in the Hat and other offerings.. I loved being able to take the kids from the CDRoms to a real book, but I also had surprises. One day a child spoke the story to me in Japanese.

    This opened my eyes to limitations we place on students with gated reading. Often teachers would not let you go to the next level. You know, it was a grade leveled thing reading. NOT.

    The IPad and other reading programs give wings to students who enter the world of reading with true interest, and joy. The little relative who wanted to find sites on IPad, was introduced to the stories, and demanded them from time to time. I have been told that there are applications on the IPhone as well that are of interest to students.

    Award Reading uses the magic of the technology in a cloud based reading program and I suppose that there are other programs who see the new ways of learning that are personal. interative and individual. Certainly the textbooks as we know them, good stories carved out of books that are a year long assignment are doomed.

    Individualized learning … personalized learning. Do read the article. It is an eye opener.

    Here is a small segment. This will calm the fears of those who think we will run out of reading materials and ideas in teaching and learning.

    “Before, during and even between classes at Hillbrook School this fall, seventh-graders have been spotted on the Los Gatos campus, sometimes burbling Spanish or Mandarin phrases into the glowing screen in their hands, other times staring into it like a looking glass.

    iPads — the Apple of almost every adolescent’s eye — are being provided to students at several Bay Area public and private schools this year, including Hillbrook, which claims to be the only K-8 school in America using tablet computers in class and sending them home. This has led to a lot of 12-year-olds swanning around the wooded hillside campus, talking to their iPads.

    “Summoning up a virtual keyboard recently, Sophie Greene quickly typed a note to herself in iCal, a calendar program, then played back an audio file in which she was speaking Spanish. “We record a conversation, e-mail it to our teacher, Señorita Kelly,” she explained, “then she critiques the lesson in Spanish and sends that back to us.”

    Conquering the digital divide to provide the mobile tools. Well, that’s another problem. Not mine to solve. I believe that the inattention and the behavior problems in schools of need are caused by the old fashioned idealogy and ideational scaffolding .. using industrial models of reading to teach 21st Century media kids. There are probably students who would love school even more with the right tools. I know that the students I had loved games, books, and the personalization of knowledge. We must transition into new ways of sharing good ideas. What are yours in reading? What magic have you seen?

    I have a friend who does 3 dimensional reading .. but I don’t know if that work is in books. One of the things that Living Books did was to encourage me to have students write their own books. Little books. Now with gaming technology , I believe we could at higher levels create some animations of our own to share the ideas of the book.

    What have you seen? What captures your imagination in new ways of reading?

    I love technology, but I still have a house full of books. That however is a different discussion we can have. What is the best mobile  tool? I certainly don’t know.

    What is the power of us to make reading exciting, enchanting, involving and imaginative? That power, give to the disaffected students can change their world and ours. I am thinking three dimensional books. Works for me.

    Changing the Face of Science in the US, NSF comes to the rescue..New Tools, New Technologies

    Old tools for science .. still come in handy but we have new ways of learning to share. 

    From maps to GPS, GS, Visualization and modeling and 3 D, Virtualization and modeling are a big step away from the textbook and just the resources within the classroom.

     

     

     

    This is my antisuperman post. It is the kryptonite that should paralyze the discussion that we in the schools do not really care about science , math, technology and engineering. There was an event on the mall that shared and showcased wonderful science. But I fear that the media may not have dug deep enough to stop the bad press, to give us the good news about changing and transforming education as the groups did  on the mall and in the weeks preceding the expo event. I know that the people at the NSF really care about us..in education.

    Teachers  are empowered by projects and funding from the NSF. The press hardly covers the ideas and often pokes fun at the research. People came to our booth time and time again to see the three D movie, to bring friends, to explore the use of the IPads which showed and shared the models that visualized what the various Teragrid research projects do, and to look at the photos of the supercomputers Blue Waters, in particular.

    There were a few people who wanted to test our knowledge but , we had a team, and a petting zoo for the Little FE, and lots of information, even beautiful posters on the Oil Spill, posters on what is a tornado, and coloring books and crayons on supercomputing. We shared the ideas of use of the Blue Waters Supercomputer.

    I don’t have a movie about myself.I am an empowered teacher, from learning to use the resources of the Teragrid. I do have a group of students, parents and supporters who have believed in science , math, engineering and technology, and project based learning.Mentors of mine are many one being Grace Hopper. Don Mitchell, Vint Cerf,  Scott Lathrop, Shirley Malcom and George Lucas. Chris Dede, and Seymour Papert. Al Gore, Ron Brown. There are more. Frank Withrow was once the leader of the Department. of Education and Larry Cuban let me, as a teacher use new technologies long ago. Once I was on a truck that carried the new ideas around the country. It was called CyberEd. This exhbit on the mall was much more powerful. Our booth was so full we had to stand outside the booth most of the time.

    I am a minority and a female I am not 25.  I probably won’t be able to sleep because of the excitement of being able to be a participant on the mall in the Expo. Why is this important?Think DC Schools, think minority students who may think, we cannot do this work.. and think of  the needs of the students and their lack of participation at high levels in ordinary technology use. Think Jesse Bemley and I linking with people from the areas or not, creating networks for collaboration, community and communication in outreach.  Jesse Bemley is a black computer scientist who mentors students . We have a mission to broaden engagement . We are excited about the fact that now we can teach hands on science, explore, examine, evaluate and get immersed in the joy of learning in innovative ways.We were more excited than kids going to Disneyland about our participation.
    Think Convocation on the Gathering Storm and their findings.
    Here is what Elizabeth Leake wrote about the event on her blog.
    “, Robert Ping (TeraGrid EOT Assistant Director/Indiana University), with a team of five from TeraGrid and NCSA, have been planning this for eight months or more. One of our biggest fears—facilitating technology and paper hand-outs in the rain—was put to rest this week with a beautiful forecast. Since this is the first such Expo, we didn’t fully know what to expect.

    The Expo was conceived in response to the Obama administration’s desire to stimulate more interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) careers by “exposing children and families to new technologies that are strengthening communities, building careers, and stimulating economic growth.” The President’s Council of Advisers in Science and Technology, with help from a U.S. Department of Energy grant and funding from dozens of corporate sponsors, engaged more than 1,500 organizations to sponsor tents. They all brought some really cool S.W.A.G. The event is free—making it affordable for families to attend. Since the National Mall shares borders with the National Gallery of Art and many museums of the Smithsonian Institution, there is a lot to do within walking distance, although the Expo alone would take days to cover.


    This is the same National Mall where the Reverend Martin Luther King gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech in 1963. In times of unrest, the National Mall has been popular with protesters since it is a large, open public space located in the very heart of Washington. While this isn’t the first time masses of people gathered on the National Mall for the same reason, it was the first time so many came with a passion for science, engineering, and technology!

    Imagine researchers involving K-12 and the community. It was awesome.
    We as teachers, as parents as researchers need to take back the media talk about schools. We can take forth the message of the Convocation on the Gathering Storm in a positive way.
    One of the pleasures of teaching in Arlington, was to meet the parents who worked for the National Science Foundation , as they responsibly helped in the schools. Tonight, I cannot sleep because my heart is full of joy. I have spent two days on the mall, in the  Teragrid Booth It was a great pleaure to meet students, parents, administrators, grandparents, the people who came to the expo to learn about science, math, engineering and technology. We explored 3 D visualizations and used Ipad Technologies, we shared visualizations that showed the work of the institutions involved in the Teragrid.  We talked about cloud computing, parallel computing and little FE. We talked with students and would be students. The group inspired a LOT of people. We could show teachers in K 12 who were working in their classrooms using Teragrid resources. We could  say computational science with joy and bring others to LOVE it.

    It is not a secret that students of today live in a multimedia world where they use video as their primary form of engagement and communication. Teachers and administrators are looking for ways to present information to students that will not only spark their interest, but also encourage them to explore a subject more thoroughly. Meaningful exploration usually means deeper understanding, which translates into higher student achievement, whether measured via standardized tests or an increased graduation rate. We did all this in our booth.  We had the new technologies.
    The advent of affordable 3D technology promises to bring into reality the dream of fully engaged students. Our booth was full, almost all day long.
    Children and parents and their friends came back to look , to share and to use the new technologies. People were fascinated with the IPad and the visualizations.

    HISTORY
    I will start from Grace Hopper, go to cooking, and simple involvement in technology to the Teragrid and Blue Waters. You will see why I am so excited and feeling empowered.


    Grace Hopper? Think gender…
    Here is who she is. Note how early she was a star in the history of technology.  



    She was a special person in technology before the term digital native was invented.
     

    Grace Hopper

     

     

     

    grace hopper
       

      • Category: American scientists
      • Date of birth: December 9, 1906
      • Date of death: January 1, 1992
      • Profession: Mathematician, Programmer, Scientist, …
      • Served in: United States Navy
      • Nationality: American
    •  

     

    I have had some  Grace Hopper  moments, I met her when she  visited schools in Arlington. I remember looking at her thinking. She must be very , very smart, because she is old and she is still in the Navy. At first I missed the point about the Nanosecond.I kept thinking, if she is a programmer than I can do this programming thing too.
    So in a high school, a career high school in Arlington County Virginia, Tom Smolenski allowed me to have an activity day that was country wide in which we matched up students with new and unusual ideas which were about teaching and learning. We learned about computers, calligraphy, and many other things. We were doing project based learning over a period of time to cement an interest in mathematics, games, cooking, many things.

    You think, cooking, what has that got to do with science?Ok, I am starting with the ordinary. Our booth was not ordinary. But we need to remember that since NCLB lots of people have not even had ordinary science. There were hundreds and hundreds of people just enjoying hands on science, and being involved. We had much more than this.. but let me share an ordinary pleasure first. I have lots of pictures from the mall. But it is late and I am tired. I will post pictures tomorrow.

    COOKING
    That may mean that you have never seen the naked egg. or visited the pages of the Exploratorium. This is a web site that rivals the Cooking Channel because you get to learn the science of cooking and you can keep the knowledge as a plus.


    Accidental Scientist: Science of Cooking
    looks at the science behind food and cooking. Learn about what happens when you eat sugar, bake bread, cook an egg, or pickle foods. Find out how muscle turns to meat, what makes meat tender, and what gives meat its flavor. Take tours of breads and spices of the world. Explore your sense of taste and smell. (Exploratorium, National Science Foundation)

    http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/index.html

    Science of Eggs
    Science of Pickles
    Science of Candy
    Science of Bread
    Science of Seasoning
    Science of Meat

    Discover how a pinch of curiosity can improve your cooking! Explore recipes, activities, and Webcasts that will enhance your understanding of the science behind food and cooking.

    Science of Cooking




    WE  Were Doing Extraordinary Science, Teragrid and Blue Waters



     

    The special booth that I was a part of was of course leading edge science In our booth we were Blue Waters/ Teragrid.
    Here is what you would see.

     

    *Showing a 3D Stereo Video about NSF, LEAD and the TeraGrid

    *Promoting Bluewaters – one of the most powerful supercomputers in the world

    *Demonstrating LittleFe, a complete 6 node Beowulf style portable computational cluster

    *Viewing 2D visualizations and photographs from TG users on IPAD technology

    *Giving away coloring books about Supercomputing (and crayons)

    *Giving away large posters depicting exciting scientific visualizations

    *Stamping student paperwork with NSF stamps

    *Handing out TeraGrid Science and EOT Highlight Magazines

    Today and yesterday on the mall were special initiatives.



    Blue Waters
    Taking full advantage of the opportunities that follow from fielding a petascale computing system requires a long-term coordinated effort to educate and train the next generation of scientists and engineers. This effort must excite, recruit, educate, and retain students as well as educational professionals. Partners in the Great Lakes Consortium for Petascale Computation are critical to the Blue Waters education initiatives.
    Learn more about undergraduate and graduate education athttp://www.greatlakesconsortium.org/education/.


    Broadband, Super-Computing, and Finding the Superman Within

    This is from Frank Odasz.
    Growing up, it was fun to imagine being a superman, strong and smart and able to do amazing things and help people in need. Who wouldn’t want to be a superhero, and be admired and respected and able to make a positive difference in a struggling world.  To not be helpless – in the face of all the bad things happening today.


    Well, good news.

    We are genuinely the first people in history to have super powers at our fingertips.  If we have broadband, we can fly into space, or to the bottom of the oceans, perform calculations and searches at speeds counted in billons per second. With a single click we can instantly self-publish our insights and resources to the nearly 2 billion online.

    Without any money at all, we can start a global micromultinational business, we can start a global cause, we can launch a virtual nation, and much more.

    Einstein said “We’re limited only by our imaginations.”
    Many of us don’t believe we could ever be superpersons. But, there is a super secret here; to unlock your true full potential you must connect with your inner champion; the Superman within. What you won’t do for yourself, you might do for others. Many of us must first give to others in order to discover our true human potential.
    Self-actualization for all – is now possible;
    The 21st Century imperative is: Everyone both learner and teacher, both consumer and producer, all the time.
    You have the choice to step up, even with just baby steps for starters, or to step back from your true full potential. That you actually have this choice alone, is powerful!
    The love of learning is the key to learning how to innovate, to create value in a knowledge economy, and as important is knowing how to cultivate one’s curiosity; seeking out new knowledge and having fun making discovery a part of one’s lifestyle.
    Was it Spiderman who says ” With Power comes Responsibility?”
    If you are unemployed, under educated, depressed, and down and out, there is a lot you can do both for yourself and for those yet worse off than you. Anyone can become a citizen professor, able to teach anything to anyone, anywhere, anytime.

    Now I can go to sleep. I think. I might giggle about having to enter the marathon to access the mall. I had no other way of getting to my booth.
    It was funny , me in a backpack easing sideways.

    Bonnie Bracey Sutton
    PowerofUSFoundation
    Digital Equity and Social Justice Chair, SITE.org

    Much Ado About Education.. Circa 1995, So Why has it Not Happened?

    Alex Repenning

    What book are you reading?.. I have three on education that are catching my attention. Some of us have been talkking about preparing for the 21st Century for about 20 years.  Some of this has happened, but many people are on the digital dark road.

    Time to put the Edge into Education


    Revisiting Common Ground. an NIIAC Document 1995 -Why didn’t this happen?
    by Bonnie Bracey Sutton
    How much of this has happened? Take a look.
    What are the impediments besides the lack of broadband.
    I believe the lack of sufficient teacher professional development and the lack of school infrastructure are a part of the problem. Bad teachers? Who says?What about the lack of
    understanding what was needed to meet the challenge of transformation?What about the slow understanding of how the world has changed with social media and the ways in which
    the whole world has become internationalized? How has thinking changed about content?

    Your thoughts , ideas ? What happened? Why did not a lot of this happen?


    A Transformation of Learning:

    Use of the NII for Education and Lifelong Learning

    Bonnie Bracey <bbracey@aol.com>

    Today, we have a dream for a different kind of superhighway that
    can save lives, create jobs and give every American young and old,
    the chance for the best education available to anyone, anywhere.

    I challenge you. . .to connect all of our classrooms, all of our
    libraries, and all of our hospitals and clinics by the year 2000.

    Vice President Al Gore, speaking to communications industry
    leaders, January 11, 1994

    I am a classroom teacher. I am a member of the National Information
    Infrastructure Advisory Council, appointed by the President and we are
    involved in sharing our documents, which we wrote and the “Common Ground”
    that links the ideas that will allow Americans to see the future, using
    technology.

    I want to share with you scenarios of technology at work from the Office of
    Technology Assessment video, the overarching themes, or Common Ground of the
    National Information Infrastructure Advisory Council
    and the National Institute of Standards vision for the thinking which will
    take us into technology.

    Education and Lifelong Learning

    Communications technology is transforming the way we live by
    connecting us with information and each other. The National
    Information Infrastructure (NII) promises every business,
    government agency, hospital, home, library, and school in the
    nation access anywhere to voice, data, full-motion video, and
    multimedia applications. The impact of these capabilities on
    learning — for the children, for higher education students, and
    for lifelong learners — will be substantial.

    The way Americans teach, learn, transmit and access information
    remains largely unchanged from a century ago. We find the following
    conditions in American education and training:

    – The textbook remains the basic unit of instruction. Absorption of
    its contents tends to be the measure of educational success.

    – Teachers and instructors use “chalk and talk” to convey
    information. Students are often recipients of instruction rather
    than active participants in learning.

    – School teachers work largely in isolation from their peers.
    Teachers interact with their colleagues only for a few moments each
    day. Most other professionals collaborate, exchange information and
    develop new skills on a daily basis.

    – Although half of the nation’s school teachers use passive video
    materials for instruction, only a small fraction have access to
    interactive video, computer networks, or even telephones in the
    classroom.

    – While computers are a frequent sight in America’s classrooms and
    training sites, they are usually used simply as electronic
    workbooks. Interactive, high performance uses of technology, such
    as networked teams collaborating to solve real-world problems,
    retrieving information from electronic libraries, and performing
    scientific experiments in simulated environments, are all too
    uncommon.

    – “U.S. schooling is a conservative institution, which adopts new
    practice and technology slowly. Highly regulated and financed from
    a limited revenue base, schools serve many educational and social
    purposes, subject to local consent. The use of computer technology,
    with its demands on teacher professional development, physical
    space, time in the instructional day, and budget … has found a
    place in classroom practice and school organization slowly and
    tentatively.”[note 1]

    Events of the last two decades have proven that we can do better.
    We have found that most American children are capable of learning
    at dramatically higher levels — levels of performance we now
    expect only of our best students. We have learned this from
    research in cognitive science, from the educational achievements of
    other countries, and from pioneering efforts in our own schools.
    Moreover, after 35 years of research, we have found that technology
    can be the key to higher levels of achievement.[note 2]

    Similarly, in the American workplace we have found that workers can
    achieve levels of productivity and quality equal to the best in the
    world.[note 3] Well-educated, well-trained, motivated workers can
    produce high-quality goods and services at low cost, enhance
    industrial productivity and competitiveness, and sustain high
    living standards. High-quality education and training payoff for
    the individual whose skills are upgraded, for the company seeking
    a competitive edge, and for the nation in achieving overall
    productivity and competitiveness.

    Our major foreign competitors place much greater emphasis on
    developing and maintaining workforce skills than we do. Experienced
    production workers at Japanese auto assembly plants, for example,
    receive three times as much training each year as their American
    counterparts. Research in our country has shown that workers who
    receive formal job training are 30 percent more productive than
    those who do not. Again, we have found that technology is the key
    to making training accessible and affordable — especially for
    small- to medium-sized firms with few resources of their own to
    devote to producing and implementing the training and lifelong
    learning their workers need and for workers who, on their own, are
    attempting to improve their skills or transfer them to new areas of
    endeavor.

    Finally, in preparing students for the workplace, we have learned
    that interactive, high performance technology can produce
    immersive, real world instructional environments. These
    environments can smooth longterm school-to-work transitions while
    helping to meet the immediate objectives of both schools and
    workplaces. Our efforts to develop this capability have been
    fragmentary and shortlived at best.

    A Vision for the Use of the NII

    The NII, will be the vehicle for improving education and lifelong
    learning throughout America in ways we now know are critically
    important. Our nation will become a place where students of all
    ages and abilities reach the highest standards of academic
    achievement. Teachers, engineers, business managers, and all
    knowledge workers will constantly be exposed to new methods, and
    will collaborate and share ideas with one another.

    Through the NII, students of all ages will use multimedia
    electronic libraries and museums containing text, images, video,
    music, simulations, and instructional software. The NII will give
    teachers, students, workers, and instructors access to a great
    variety of instructional resources and to each other. It will give
    educators and managers new tools for improving the operations and
    productivity of their institutions.

    The NII will remove school walls as barriers to learning in several
    ways. It will provide access to the world beyond the classroom. It
    will also permit both teachers and students access to the tools of
    learning and their peers — outside the classroom and outside the
    typical nine to three school day. It will enable family members to
    stay in contact with their children’s schools. The NII will permit
    students, workers and instructors to converse with scientists,
    scholars, and experts around the globe.

    Workplaces will become lifelong learning environments, supporting
    larger numbers of high skill, high wage jobs. Printed books made
    the content of great instruction widely and inexpensively available
    in the 18th Century. The interactive capabilities of the NII will
    make both the content and interactions of great teaching
    universally and inexpensively available in the 21st Century.

    Education and Lifelong Learning Applications for the NII

    The NII will provide the backbone for a lifelong learning society.
    Education and training communities will better accommodate an
    enormous diversity of learners in an equally diverse variety of
    settings. In addition to schools and work places, interconnected,
    high-performance applications will extend interactive learning to
    community centers, libraries, and homes. Education, training, and
    lifelong learning applications available from the NII may include:

    – Multimedia interactive learning programs delivered to homes to
    immigrant children and their parents to collaborate on learning
    English as a second language.

    – Troubleshooting and operating applications that access the
    computer-assisted-design (CAD) databases used to design workplace
    technology and to integrate the CAD data with instructional and
    job-aiding capabilities to provide just-in-time training and
    maintenance assistance.

    – Comprehensive interconnectivity for students that allows them to
    receive and complete assignments, collaborate with students in
    distant locations on school projects, and interact with teachers
    and outside experts to receive help, hints, and critiques.

    – Simulated learning activities such as laboratory experiments and
    archeological digs.

    – Universal access interfaces for computers and telecommunications
    devices for students, workers and others with disabilities to allow
    access to the NII.

    – Affordable, portable personal learning assistance that tap into
    the NII from any location at any time and provide multimedia access
    to any NII information resource.

    – Immersive, realistic interactive simulations that allow emergency
    teams made up of geographically dispersed members to practice
    together on infrequently used procedures that may be urgently
    needed to meet local exigencies.

    The Educational Benefits of Technology

    Evidence from research, schools, and workplaces around the country
    tells us that communications technologies are powerful tools in
    reaching the highest levels of educational performance.

    – Students with disabilities, who previously had at best limited
    access to most educational and reference materials, will have
    fuller access and will have the ability to participate in the
    learning experience with their peers.

    – A 1993 survey of studies on the effectiveness of technology in
    schools concluded that “courses for which computer-based networks
    were used increased student-student and student-teacher
    interaction, increased student-teacher interaction with
    lower-performing students, and did not decrease the traditional
    forms of communications used.”[note 4]

    – Research on the costs of instruction delivered via distance
    learning, videotape, teleconferencing, and computer software
    indicates that savings are often achieved with no loss of
    effectiveness. Distance learning vastly broadens the learning
    environment, often providing teaching resources simply not
    available heretofore. Technology-based methods have a positive
    impact on learner motivation and frequently save instructional
    time. Savings in training time produce benefits both by reducing
    training costs and by shortening the time required to become and
    remain productive in the workplace.

    – A review of computer-based instruction used in military training
    found that students reach similar levels of achievement in 30% less
    time than they need using more standard approaches to
    training.[note 5]

    – A Congressionally mandated review covering 47 comparisons of
    multimedia instruction with more conventional approaches to
    instruction found time savings of 30%, improved achievement, cost
    savings of 30-40%, and a direct, positive link between amount of
    interactivity provided and instructional effectiveness.[note 6]

    – A comparison of peer tutoring, adult tutoring, reducing class
    size, increasing the length of the school day, and computer-based
    instruction found computer-based instruction to be the least
    expensive instructional approach for raising mathematics scores by
    a given amount.[note 7]

    – A landmark study of the use of technology for persons with
    disabilities found that “almost three-quarters of school-age
    children were able to remain in a classroom, and 45 percent were
    able to reduce school-related services.”[note 8]

    Of course, these benefits depend upon several contextual factors,
    including the instructional methods used, the quality of the
    applications, the availability of professional development for
    educators, accessibility of instructional materials, the presence
    of school technology support staff, and family involvement.[note 9]
    We must learn through experience how best to ensure that the
    benefits we intend to obtain from NII-based applications become
    routinely realized in practice.

    Telecommunications networks provide a range of resources to
    students and educators that were never before available or
    affordable. Students and workers can now gain access to mentoring,
    advice, and assistance from scientists, engineers, researchers,
    business leaders, technicians, and local experts around the globe
    through the Internet, using a level of access and connectivity that
    was previously unimaginable. High school students in West
    Virginia, for example, can now study Russian via satellite and
    telephone with a teacher hundreds of miles away. Few West Virginia
    school districts could afford to offer such a course any other way.
    Less well understood are changes in the types of learning that
    occur with the use of certain technologies. Current evidence
    suggests that some technology applications are more effective than
    traditional instructional methods in building complex problem
    solving capabilities for synthesizing information and in improving
    writing quality. The effects are achieved in part by permitting
    alternate methods of “reaching” and motivating learners.

    The Administration’s National Information Infrastructure initiative
    can trigger a transformation of education, training, and lifelong
    learning by making new tools available to educators, instructors,
    students, and workers and help them reach dramatically higher
    levels of performance and productivity. The impact of this
    transformation in teaching and learning is in-estimable, but
    clearly enormous. Knowledge drives today’s global marketplace. The
    NII will permit us to take learning beyond the limitations of
    traditional school buildings. It will take our educators and
    learners to worldwide resources. Learning will be our way of life.

    PART II: Where Are We Now?

    Today, compelling teaching and learning applications are the
    exception, not the rule. Several federal agencies provide services
    that meet specific, focused needs, while hundreds of state and
    local networks and private service providers have begun to address
    the technology needs of education. Current uses, while expanding
    rapidly, reach only a small number of technologically-literate
    school communities.

    Current application of NII capabilities to work place training is
    more extensive and technologically advanced than educational
    applications, yet it lags well behind what is needed and available.
    The story of workplace training seems to be a case of the haves
    receiving more and the have-nots remaining neglected. Small firms,
    those with 100 employees or less, provide about 35 percent of total
    U.S. employment, but they lack the expertise to provide in-house
    training, the resources to pay for outside training, and sufficient
    numbers of people who need training at any one time to justify
    focused training efforts. Larger firms are more likely to provide
    training than smaller ones, but the training they provide is mostly
    limited to college-educated technicians and managers. The lower the
    level of skills possessed, the less likely the worker is to receive
    training from any source. Transportable, quality controlled
    training and lifelong learning could be made readily and
    inexpensively accessible using the NII and will have a major impact
    on improving worker skills and workplace productivity.

    While much remains to be done, the opportunities offered by the NII
    put many of the needed capabilities within reach of schools, homes,
    and the workplace.

    Current Uses of Telecommunications for Education

    The existing telecommunications infrastructure is composed of
    telephone, broadcast, cable, and electronic networks. It is used
    for education, training, and lifelong learning in five basic ways:
    1) instructing with video; 2) gathering information from remote
    libraries and databases; 3) communicating using two-way
    asynchronous capabilities such as e-mail and information bulletin
    boards; 4) distance learning; and 5) electronic transfer of
    instructional software and simulations.

    – Instructional video. Seventy-five percent of America’s schools
    have cable television, and half of its teachers use video material
    in their courses.[note 10] The Stars Schools program is reaching
    200,000 students in 48 states with advanced placement courses in
    mathematics, science, and foreign language instruction using fiber
    optics, computers, and satellites.[note 11] Cassette videotapes
    for instruction are widely used in schools and work places, and the
    development of these videotapes for both education and training has
    become a vigorous industry.

    – Information collection. This activity includes location and
    retrieval of documents such as lesson plans and research reports,
    but it also includes newer data sources such as CAD databases for
    workplace technologies and equipment, and multimedia information
    retrieval from digital libraries that can be accessed by students,
    workers, or people in homes, libraries, and museums. Over 60,000
    electronic bulletin boards are used by more than 12 million
    Americans every day.[note 12] The annual rate of Gopher traffic on
    the Internet, which directly represents an effort to use NII
    facilities to gather information, is growing at an annual rate of
    approximately 1000%[note 13] The Department of Education has a
    Gopher server which points to or contains educational research
    information, such as the AskERIC service and information from
    sources such as CNN, Academy One, and the Educational Testing
    Service. NASA Spacelink makes lesson plans on space flight and
    related science topics available on the Internet.

    – Two-way communication. This includes communication via electronic
    mail and conferencing among teachers, students, workers, mentors,
    technicians, and subject matter experts of every sort.
    Approximately one-quarter of the teachers in Texas regularly sign
    on to the Texas Education Network, or TENET, to share information,
    exchange mail, and find resources. A professor at Virginia
    Polytechnic Institute and State University teaches a writing course
    entirely online. Students swap writing projects and discuss their
    assignments online. In the workplace, electronic mail is used by
    more than 12 million workers, increasing to over 27 million workers
    by 1995. Just less than a sixth of U.S. homes now have at least one
    computer connected to a modem, and this percentage is growing
    rapidly. As of July, 1993, there were four Internet hosts for
    every 1000 people in the United States. There are now 60 countries
    on the Internet. About 137 countries can now be reached by
    electronic mail.[note 15]

    – Distance learning.
    Hundreds of thousands of students in schools,
    community colleges, and universities now take courses via one-and
    two-way video and two-way audio communication. In South Carolina,
    high school students across the state study with a teacher of
    Russia based in Columbia through South Carolina Educational
    Television. Boise State University offers a masters degree program
    conducted entirely over networked computers to students all over
    the country. The Department of Defense is investing well over $1
    billion in the development and implementation of networked
    distributed interactive simulation. This technology, which allows
    dispersed learners to engage in collaborative problem solving
    activities in real time, is now ready for transfer to schools and
    workplaces outside of the defense sector.

    – Transfer of instructional software and simulations. Instructional
    programs, simulations, materials, and databases can all be accessed
    over the NII and delivered to schools, homes, libraries, and
    workplaces wherever and whenever it is desirable to do so.
    Currently, there are massive exchanges of software, databases, and
    files using the Internet, but relatively little of this activity
    occurs in the service of education, training, and lifelong
    learning.

    Nonetheless, compelling applications that will become indispensable
    to teachers, students, and workers are not yet available. All the
    capabilities of computer-based instruction and multimedia
    instruction can be distributed using NII facilities to schools,
    workplaces, homes, libraries, museums, community centers, store
    fronts — wherever and whenever people wish to learn. Yet the
    infrastructure and applications to support this level of
    accessibility for education, training, and lifelong learning uses
    have yet to be developed. Until compelling applications are
    available, educations will not realize the potential of the NII.

    Efforts to Build the NII for Education and Lifelong Learning: Roles
    of the Private, Nonprofit, and Public Sectors

    Successful implementation of the NII to serve the nation’s
    education and lifelong learning needs will require significant
    contributions by the private sector, state and local governments,

    Reference

    D. Lewis and E. McCracken, Common Ground: Fundamental Principles for the
    National Information Infrastructure, NIIAC,
    March 1995.(gopher@ntiaunix1.ntia.doc.gov)

    A new book by Milton Chen of the George Lucas Educational Foundation, picks up the discussion.

    Where are we now?

    Since information is no longer bounded by time and space, and I know you are all savvy digerati who get all your information from the Internet, you can listen to the live stream or archive at this link, where you’ll also see info on how to call in or send an email during the show:

    http://www.kqed.org/radio/programs/forum/

    For more info about the book and a short video of me introducing it on edutopia.org:

    http://www.edutopia.org/educationnation

    Now that we’re into a new school year, it’s time to put “the edge into education”!